In Soccer/Football what’s the difference between being yellow carded, booked by the referee, and cautioned?

Thanks!
Also – what are the repercussions of each of them. Do they all merit a yellow card? Are they just different reasons for yellow carding?

I recently got a white softball to warm up for try-outs that are coming up. In videos I see girls playing with yellow softballs. Is there a difference between the two?